This article describes the results of previous studies, pointing to a significant biological activity of peat and its derivatives, as well as the possibilityes of using these substances in medicine and pharmacology. Possibilities and indications for the use of peat balneology, as well as its effects described. The questions about medical usage of peat bitumen and methods of obtaining them are evaluated. Particular attention is paid to biological activity, as well as other useful properties of peat humus. Also there are reviewed: - The positive experience of Chinese traditional medicine in the application of humic and fulvic acid in a medical practice - The results of research that points to the antifungal, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of humic acids. - The results of research that points to the antiviral effects of humic substances against various pathogenic viruses, including HIV. - The results of research that points to the possible effects of humic acids in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: for example Creutzfeldt-Jakob's, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. - The results of research that points to the anti cancer and other anti tumor activity of humic substances. - The results of experimental evaluation of the toxicity of humic substances. - Other properties of humus, which could find application in pharmacology or medicine. In the end of article, is given a review of the medicals and dietary supplements, which are produced from humin containing substances (peat and sapropel).