Rotation-based unitary transformations have gained remarkable interest during last years due to the growing need for sophisticated signal transformations on one hand, and advances in signal processing hardware on the other hand. Such important properties as parametrization, fast algorithms and generalization of other transforms raised the question about the applicability of these transformations for multicarrier modulation and demodulation in communication systems. Utilization of this new class of transforms for multicarrier modulation allows to create parametric systems with dynamically adjustable subcarrier waveforms. However, the proposed parametric multicarrier systems requires the design of new and the adaptation of existing channel estimation, equalization and synchronization algorithms. Moreover, since equalization and synchronization are two most critical parts of any communication system, a large amount of work in reviewing the existing solutions is done. One of the major objectives of this doctoral thesis is the analysis and development of building blocks for generalized unitary rotation -based multicarrier systems, which will allow in the future to create rapidly innovative designs. The contributions of this work include both the development of new signal processing structures and the analysis of possible mutual configurations for these structures. Finally, a complete example of parametric multicarrier system, which includes a selection of the proposed methods, is discussed.