The present paper addresses the textile surface modification with the nanolevel coatings containing metals and non-metals functional groups, thus offering new opportunities for the development of materials with combined properties of both textile fabrics and functional groups of the coating. The analysis of the coated textile materials allows defining possible applications for different purposes, as well as outlining their limitations of use. The present study highlights the advantages and drawbacks of the proposed methods. Based on a series of published materials and significant experience in the field, the analysis of the obtained results contributes to the assessment of the impact of technological environment and parameters on the functional and exploitation characteristics of modified natural fibre textile materials. Literature review includes information on the textile material modification methods and processes, application of modified textile materials in daily life and medicine, advantages of natural fibres in comparison with synthetic fibres, as well as additional properties assigned during the textile material modification processes. The methodological part of the present paper includes the description of the research methods, as well as technological and testing methods employed, i.e. textile surface coating production methods, equipment, conditions and procedures of technological processes involved, and definable parameters. The author describes scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipment used for the surface structure analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique adopted for the analysis of surface topography of fabrics, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction analyses performed for the study of coating composition, air permeability, hygroscopicity, contact angle and liquid sorption assessment methods, ultraviolet (UV) protection factor assessment, microbial activity testing and data interpretation techniques. The experimental part of the research includes the description of the natural fibre textile material coating technologies. Timing, temperature, solution concentration range, optimal working parameters and technological equipment is specified. Resistance to friction and hydrothermal treatment of the obtained samples is evaluated. The author assesses the antimicrobial activity and adhesion of micro-organisms on the surface of in vitro obtained samples. Due to the prototypes of the developed modification technology, natural cellulose textile fibres can be attributed such additional properties as excellent UV protection, antimicrobial properties, and water-repellent abilities, preserving air and water vapour permeability necessary for the maintenance of hygienic comfort, with long-term persistence in the exploitation process. The work consists of 207 pages with 125 figures and 22 tables. It includes an introduction, 4 chapters and a summary with conclusions. Bibliography consist from 217 titles.