Nowadays opposing the development of a raw complex to scientific and technical, innovative development is no longer topical. Development of scientific and technical and innovative potential of fuel and energy complex branches of Kazakhstan assumes that the fuel and energy complex is closely connected with hi-tech branches, but the technologies used by it allows providing high efficiency of extraction and rehash of raw materials. Modern conditions of the organisation of fuel and energy complex require implementing reforms aimed at formation of effective industrial complexes that would provide growth of products of rehash in its branches. The reinforcement of competitive struggle in the world markets among exporters of raw materials results in a severe need to improve domestic subsoil use on the basis of the use of new technological and organizationally economic solutions. According to this, the problem of creation of competitive industrial structures of business entities acquires special topicality. Unfortunately, the experience of innovative activity of fuel and energy complex available now in our country is still insufficiently generalised and formalized, which hampers its wide spread considering the use of re-structuring not only for the created vertically-integrated industrial complexes, such as branch corporations, holdings, financial and industrial groups. At the same time, development of innovative activity of extractive companies is still insufficiently revealed in modern economic science. Despite the sufficient volume of work, not enough attention is paid to the issues of development of innovative activity with reference to fuel and energy complex although the mechanisms of the organisation of innovative development of the extractive company make up a rather promising direction of development of innovative activity in modern economy of Kazakhstan. Topicality of the research theme is obvious, as today the development of innovative activity of fuel and energy complex is a key factor of sustainable development for Kazakhstan. Construction of a postindustrial society demands sustainable dynamical development of economy as a whole. To make it possible for Kazakhstan to join the group of new industrial countries by 2030 it is required to maintain stable high rates of social and economic development. Creation, restoration and development of the factories involved in rehash of raw materials on spot for the purpose of receiving end-products is important at present. The use of subsoil resources should be based on development of fuel and energy complex and its qualitative perfection. Presence of these problems in the republic economy raises topicality of the conducted research. The research of usability and introduction of innovations in the fuel and energy complex, whose problems of development are closely connected with rational use of subsoil, is carried out taking into account various schools in the economic theory. The postulates and conclusions of modern theories of use of natural raw materials, and also proceedings and the major theses of domestic and foreign economists have served the theoretical and methodological basis of the research. The monograph is presented in the Russian language and consists of 222 pages of text, 9 drawings, 24 tables and 188 scientific sources. The monograph is meant for preparation of students of Master and PhD programmes of technical and economic specialities, as well as for scientific and technical workers dealing with the issues of introduction of innovations in subsoil use and complex use of mineral resources.