The thesis represents new decision support tools and consists of research results on the issue and on the models calibration to the railway infrastructure managed by SJSC "Latvian Railway". The thesis discloses the concept of public-use railway infrastructure optimal development and systematizes affecting endogenous and exogenous factors. A special emphasis on the need for the development of a holistic, one that describes the interaction of economic processes both at the micro- and macro- level, modeling approach was put after the modern approaches of railway infrastructure process modeling were analyzed. The thesis introduces new theoretical results on the evaluation process and the optimization of the railway infrastructure development target-settings. The paper consists of introduction, 4 sections, conclusions, bibliography and 9 appendixes. The first section discloses a variety of management, technical and other technological aspects associated with the services provided on the railway infrastructure. It describes and evaluates the decision-making levels. It contains analysis of the management and organizational structure of Latvian railway infrastructure. The second section provides a critical analysis of the modeling approaches and models of the public-use railway infrastructure development, reflecting the advantages, disadvantages and application possibilities. The third section contains an analysis of theoretical railway infrastructure optimization approaches. It sets out the author’s proposed methodology for model development, its overall scheme and the implementation stages. The indicator system selection approach and information providing issues are justified. The model scheme is designed to address Latvian public railway infrastructure development challenges. The fourth section declares the results of the proposed methodology and the recommended modeling approaches for elaboration and assessment of the possible development scenarios within the Latvian railway infrastructure, including statistical data, factors, criteria, scenario analysis.