The Doctoral Thesis is dedicated to obtaining of carbon nanotube (CNT) containing different nature polymer – polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), styrene-acrylate copolymer (SAC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanocomposites and characterization of its structure and stress-strain, thermal, dielectric and rheological properties. The practical significance of the research is to develop polymer/CNT manufacturing technologies from solution method and melt processing to obtain a wide range of thermoplastic polymer composite material group with increased stress-strain properties and altered thermal and dielectrical properties. In the literature review is summarized information about CNT characteristics and its potential for polymer matrix nanocomposite development. The methods for obtaining polymer/CNT nanocomposites are considered as well as characteristics of the structure, mechanical, thermal, dielectric and rheological properties of obtained nanocomposites. The methodological section describes the used polymer materials and their modifying CNT fillers. The developed polymer/CNT nanocomposite technologies are described. Used investigation methods and determined properties are characterized. In the experimental section of the work the structure of obtained polymer/CNT nanocomposites was examined in detail with relationship to stress-strain properties. The tensile modulus dependence of CNT arrangement in polymer matrix was modelled. The effect of CNT concentration on polymer mechanical and thermal properties was investigated. A rapid change in the dielectric properties of nanocomposites was found, and a change in percolation of conductivity was described. The effect of CNT on the rheological parameters of melt processing has been determined. The Doctoral Thesis has been written in Latvian, it consists of introduction, three chapters, conclusions, references, two appendices, 124 figures, 29 tables and 30 equations. The Doctoral Thesis consists of 179 pages and 357 literature sources.