Threats to cultural and historical heritage, incl. the destruction of ancient sites, the illegal extraction, removal and trade of antiquities lead to the destruction of the archaeological heritage. These dangers are often viewed in terms of criminal law and loss of inheritance, not always paying sufficient attention to the socio-economic consequences. The scientific literature on the threats to the archaeological heritage and their consequences most often reflects situation outside the Baltic region of Europe and Latvia. Although the situation has improved in recent years, the available statistical information on criminal proceedings related to illegal acquisition of archaeological artifacts in Latvia and the illegal trade in antiquities of Latvian origin suggests that the threat to the archaeological heritage still exists in the country. The socio-economic consequences include barriers to the development of the local community and the region in terms of cultural tourism, economic activities, investment, public revenue, scientific research potential, museum operation, losses in terms of culture, aesthetics and history. The barriers also negatively impact preserving cultural heritage for future generations. Considering the size of Latvia in terms of territory and population, disruptions to local and regional socio-economic development can also have a significant impact on national development