Nutrients and their content in growth medium significantly affect the growth rate and quality of biomass. This review summaries the latest studies on growth media of microalgae-cyanobacteria Arthrospira spp. and Spirulina spp. Most of studied growth media are modified Zarrouk’s media. Effects of changes made to the media (concentration and sources of microelements, salinity or NaCl concentration) are discussed in detail. However, studies on role of microelements as well as long-term studies are still lacking. It should be highlighted that various species and strains of Arthrospira and Spirulina react very differently to changes in composition of growth media. There is no single best growth medium formulation suitable for all species and strains of Arthrospira and Spirulina. Recycling of growth medium is possible for a few times, but the composition of biomass changes and yield reduces.