The diversity of polymers and the versatility of their properties have transformed everyday life. While their widespread use, including for disposable aspects was anticipated, some of the recent reports associated with plastics and microplastics pollution was not. Presence of microplastics in treated tap and bottled water has raised questions and concerns about the impact that microplastics in drinking-water might have on human health and aquatic well-being. Additionally, microplastics concentrated in the neustonic layer near water-air interphase, with hydrophobic cells consisting of spores of bacteria. This presentation reviews monitoring, mitigating and management of nano/micro/macro-plastics in aquatic environment to better assess risks associated with human health to develop appropriate management practices including identifying several key knowledge gaps. Addressing issue of mitigating microplastics using nanotechnologies offer a wide range of solutions. We present mitigation methods that include hydrogels, catalytic decomposition, nanofibers filters and preparing biodegradable polymers. Hydrogels are materials consisting of a permanent, three-dimensional network of hydrophilic poLymers and water filling the space between the polymer chains with applications in diverse fields ranging from bio-medical applications and stimuli sensitive systems for agricultural, personal care, environmental, and industrial applications. Biodegradable polymers have been proposed as an alternative to conventional oil-based plastics. Although, the investigation is in its preliminary stages, we anticipate using meta-materials as catalysts to detect and capture organic materials, volatile organic compounds, as an extension of our work on filtering long-chain hydrocarbon, including pharmaceuticals. Since, hydrogel composites contain cellulose fibrils derived from wood, response to environment is likely to produce bio-mimicking to external stimuli. Additional anticipated methods range from separation of micro-plastics and specialized polymers used by the healthcare industries. However, to reap benefits of plastics while keeping pollution to a minimum, it is critical to identify specific uses that offer clear advantages and to refine standards for use, reuse and recycle.