Currently, the world is rapidly developing telecommunications technologies and converging in converged data transmission and sensor systems. With the development of fiber optical data transmission technologies and infrastructure on a global scale, the use of fiber optical sensors to perform sensing functions is becoming increasingly important, mainly due to their advantages. Small size, light weight, multiplexing capabilities and immunity to electromagnetic interference are just some of the broad advantages of fiber optical sensors over electronic or mechanical sensors. Therefore, in order to ensure more efficient use of optical sensor technologies, it is necessary to research and search for new solutions for the use and integration of fiber optical sensors in the existing and future architecture of optical metro-access communication systems. The main goal of the dissertation is to study and and evaluate the interaction of FBG fiber optic sensor networks and WDM-PON metro-access transmission systems implemented in a single system with theoretical and experimental research. The research of fiber optical sensors has been carried out in this doctoral thesis, with special emphasis on FBG temperature and strain optical sensors as well as the integration of fiber optical sensor network in WDM passive optical network (PON) optical access systems has been studied. In order to evaluate the performance of such system, a study of the interaction between the FBG optical sensor network and the fiber optical data transmission system has been performed. The FBG sensor network has also been integrated into a spectrum sliced WDM-PON transmission system, which is operating with a single shared non-coherent broadband light source for all the network’s terminals.