The state of the Baltic Sea coast is a vitally important infrastructure element in the entire Baltic Sea region. In this region, marine cadastre issues and challenges are relevant in several European countries, and many international projects are being implemented to address these issues. Quick and timely access to accurate and valid information is a very important condition for preventing potential threats to the Baltic Sea environment, developing policies and legislation to protect vulnerable coastal areas, understanding trends and predicting future changes. Likewise, better quality and more easily accessible marine data is a prerequisite for further sustainable economic development. The baseline is the main reference and an important component of the Marine Cadastre. Land territories located near the sea coast are registered and maintained in the Cadastre Information System. Beginning in 2017, the registration of the coastal zone two kilometres wide from the Baltic Sea baseline was started in Latvia. In this context, the analysis includes an understanding of the importance of the Baltic Sea region and its coastal areas, as well as the importance of the marine cadastre and the challenges affecting various European countries. It also includes tracking how Latvia began to register its coastal zone to improve the Marine Cadastre system and infrastructure. Such analysis is essential to understanding the global impact of these issues and the importance of local solutions. In the research analyses the international and national regulatory enactments of each country regarding the use of maritime space both in Latvia and Poland. Laws and regulations related to the use of marine resources, environmental protection and economic development in both countries are examined. In addition, the economic resources and potential associated with the Baltic Sea territories and their economic growth are also evaluated. The authors of the research conclude that the conducted analysis helps to understand what is the regulatory environment regarding the use of marine resources and what opportunities and challenges are related to these resources in each of these countries. It can be useful for creating policies and strategies for the sustainable use of Baltic Sea resources and economic development. The research analysed the information available on the EMODnet (“European Marine Observation and Data Network”) portal, accepting information as a potential basis for the creation of marine cadastre content, which in turn allowed the conclusion of the necessary data regarding the Latvian and Polish marine territories.