The domain of nanotechnology, particularly the exploration and utilization of nanofibers, stands at the forefront of materials science, offering unrivalled opportunities for innovation across a multitude of fields. This doctoral thesis, titled "PAN Nanofibers: A Comprehensive Study on Fabrication Technique, Properties, and Applications," ventures into the sophisticated world of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers, focusing on their fabrication, mechanical and thermal characteristics, and their potential applications. Through an exhaustive review of the literature coupled with a series of rigorous experimental investigations, this work aims to bridge significant gaps in the existing knowledge of nanofiber technology, specifically concentrating on PAN nanofibers. Initiating with an extensive survey of nanofiber technologies, this thesis emphasizes the progression of fabrication techniques, with a particular focus on electrospinning. The unique capability of electrospinning to produce nanofibers with distinct properties makes it invaluable for applications in filtration, biomedical devices, and structural materials. The research meticulously explores the experimental fabrication of PAN nanofiber mats using various electrospinning methods to examine their impact on fibre orientation and mat structure. A notable achievement of this research is the formulation and validation of a finite element (FE) model that accurately predicts the mechanical behaviour of electrospun nanofiber mats. In Chapter 3, the investigation extends into the impact of structural orientation on nanofiber mats, unveiling that oriented mats exhibit a remarkable enhancement in strength— approximately 300% greater than randomly structured mats, as validated by the developed FE model in the chapter 4. Chapter 4 delves into the refinement of the FE model, scrutinizing how structural parameters influence the mechanical properties of PAN nanofiber mats. Chapter 5 embarks on an experimental inquiry into the effects of annealing on PAN nanofiber mats. It was observed that annealing at 70 degrees Celsius could enhance the stiffness of the nanofiber mat by approximately 7%, whereas temperatures above 100 degrees Celsius rendered the mat brittle due to solvent evaporation. Additionally, annealing led to a decrease in the glass transition temperature by 5.21%, and an initial 3% mass loss was noted in TGA analyses, attributed to solvent evaporation. Chapter 6 introduces the novel aspect of this study through the use of a dip-coating method and low-concentration PVA solution as a dopant, resulting in PVA being incorporated into the PAN nanofiber mats as localized agglomerations and a thin coating on the nanofibers while still preserving their porosity. Tensile testing indicated that PVA doping led to a 5 significant increase in both the elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the nanofiber mats, with the magnitude of improvement directly related to the concentration of PVA used. Specifically, at a concentration of 2% PVA, the elastic modulus in the longitudinal direction increased by approximately 78.33%, and the UTS increased by approximately 84.34%. In the transverse direction, the elastic modulus and UTS exhibited increases of approximately 159.57% and 200.88%, respectively, indicating that PVA doping effectively reinforced their inter-fibre bonds and provided additional structural support. Thermal analyses, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), demonstrated that PVA-doped nanofiber mats exhibited altered thermal degradation behaviour and glass transition temperatures, reflecting the influence of PVA on their thermal stability. The observed increase in heat absorption with rising PVA concentration during the DSC heating cycles suggests that the interaction between PAN nanofibers and PVA significantly affects the composite's thermal behaviour. During the second heating cycle, a notable increase to 67.0 ℃ from 41.1 ℃ in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PVA film was observed. Conversely, the Tg of the composite did not show a significant change, indicating the ability of the composite to maintain the glass transition temperatures close to those of the undoped PAN nanofiber mats despite the increase in PVA volume. Chapter 7 unveils that the direct electrospinning of nanofibers onto textiles, aimed at producing laminated textiles integrated with electrospun nanofibers, reveals the feasibility of creating non-crimping textile composites using PAN nanofibers for diverse applications. This innovative approach demonstrates the potential of electrospun PAN nanofibers to enhance the structural integrity and functional properties of textiles, opening new avenues for the development of advanced composite materials. The incorporation of PAN nanofibers into textile materials not only augments the mechanical performance of these composites but also introduces additional functionalities, such as improved thermal stability and filtration capabilities, underscoring the transformative impact of nanofiber integration on textile engineering and material science. In summary, this thesis contributes to a deeper understanding of PAN nanofibers, from their production and mechanical properties to their applications, paving the way for further research and advancements in nanofiber technology.