Doctoral Thesis “Analysis of Possible Use of Long Combination Vehicles for Divisible Cargo Transport” is designed to analyze the possible impact of long combination vehicle usage for divisible cargo transport on road safety and transport efficiency. Long combination vehicles (LCV) complying with the European Modular System (EMS) concept has been chosen for research object. These LCVs are allowed in some Member States of European Union. The Doctoral Thesis accomplishes seven tasks in four research areas: legislation, road infrastructure, and road safety. An analysis of legality to use LCVs for commercial transport operations is done by detailed classification of long combination vehicles; analysis of legislative acts of the European Union, Republic of Latvia and other Member States. The evaluation of efficiency parameters is done by determination of the estimated amount of long combination vehicle usage in Latvia; creating a methodology of simulation model for analysis of road haulage business projects. Prognosis of benefit for Latvian road transportation companies if typical combination vehicles (widely used truck with semi-trailer and truck with trailer) would be replaced with LCVs and comparative financial analysis of road haulage business projects (road haulage projects realized by using typical combination vehicles and LCVs) is conducted by using simulation model. An analysis of maneuverability characteristics of long combination vehicles and determination of opportunities to use the existing road infrastructure are done in the Doctoral Thesis. The analysis of road safety issues related to the usage of LCVs is done by theoretical calculations, graphical simulations, and mathematical prediction model. Theoretical calculations results of overtaking maneuvers are compared with experimental measurements on roads. Developed mathematical model identifies the associated factors for large truck accidents on two-lane rural highways and provide useful recommendation for the improvement of highway safety.