The aim of this article is to estimate the influence of steam explosion auto-hydrolysis (SEA) on hemp fibres, shives, and flax shive microstructure, and the influence of steam explosion process temperature, time and pressure on the disintegration level of lignocellulosic biomass. The acquired results are discussed and interpreted by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). These treatments have been performed to make fibres that are useful for further nanotechnological processes