This article considers the structure and operation principles of a new adaptive system of starting and accurate braking of railway transport. This system is based on the application of embedded intelligent device, the existed braking equipment of the railway transport, auxiliary mechanical parts as well as adaptive searching algorithms playing a significant role in the effectiveness of the proposed system. The article contains definitions of the functions of the main blocks of the systems under consideration and their mathematical descriptions. Additionally the algorithm of system operation is described. The prototype of the proposed device was tested, the obtained results, advantages and further development opportunities were considered.