This position paper provides a new insight into the smooth and precise adaptive railway transport braking system design. The first phase of the development is described and includes a development of a necessary mathematical and computer model. Components of new adaptive braking system and their interactions are defined. Mathematical model contains equations that describe the movement of the train and the pneumatics braking system of the train, as well as offering new features of the developed system, which will adaptively adjust the service brake modes and will perform real-time system diagnostics without any human interaction. The computer model and simulation results are described in this position paper.