Transport is the second largest greenhouse gas emission producer in the European Union (EU) right after the energy sector and is growing. Several recent regulations have been adopted in EU to increase the sustainability of transport sector. However, there is still a gap between policy incentives and the market delaying wider use of renewable energy in transport. This article presents output of a desk research and resultant seven qualitative interviews with representatives from organizations forming the European network of transport research, technology and innovation. The article addresses issues raised by the involved stakeholders on the main barriers and challenges for European transport industry and the future of sustainable transport in Member States. Three types of road transport technologies are covered: (1) 1st generation and advanced biofuels; (2) electric and hybrid vehicles, and (3) hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles.