Under the Directive 2012/34/EU (21 November 2012) "the charges for … [rail] infrastructure … shall be set at the cost that is directly incurred as a result of operating the train service". A big number of relevant studies on the issue were made in EU and all of them cover only 1435mm railways with primarily passenger transportation. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of train operating on 1520mm rail infrastructure with primarily freight transportation. Firstly, analysis and grouping of highly cited scientific literature were used in order to identify the main categories of the impact of train services. Then, generalization of the results achieved trough the analysis of literature was made in order to create common questionnaire. Lastly, the experts’ survey was conducted and evaluated using qualitative and quantitative methods. As a result of the study, it can be concluded that there are differences between passenger and freight transportation impact on rail infrastructure. The impact of train services was approximately evaluated as a share in total expenses in the six categories of rail maintenance and renewal. The data achieved may be used for modelling charges according to the Directive in the Baltic States railways.