This study focuses on natural fiber nano-coatings - hemp and cotton modification and coating surface structure. For surface modification sol - gel technology is used. To predict the quality of the sols and the surface structure, the coatings were initially applied to different materials and tested with optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Samples were analyzed before and after washing as well as before modification with Fourier - transform infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The resulting coatings on steel, glass, cotton, hemp materials surfaces influence the formation of coating structures. The spread of chemical elements on the surface is affected by the pattern relief. Fourier - transform infrared spectroscopy identifies the durability of the coatings. Chemical changes of deposited nano-coatings have occurred during hydrothermal treatment. The investigated coatings can be used to modify textiles but have a limited lifetime.