The growth of the oil price on the world’s market has raised the cost of synthetic chemical products and, respectively, has enhanced the competitiveness of the products, including also acetic acid, which can be obtained from plant biomass. Acetic acid, which is used in industry, is produced by 165 companies, and the annual overall volume of output makes up to 7.2 million t. It is produced mainly by the methanol carbonization method, and only a small part is obtained from wood. However, already in the immediate future, owing to the new state of the art on the oil market, the overall production of acetic acid from biomass will grow. Therefore, all studies along these lines, including also acetic acid formation from straw, become increasingly urgent. It is known that wheat straw is formed in great quantities worldwide, namely, 1.7 billion t per year, and it has not yet found regular utilization. In the present work, so that the results of the present study could be applied in the development of the technology, all experiments were performed on a pilot plant in conditions modelling the industrial process.