At service temperatures, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a highly viscoelastic (VE) material due to its low glass transition temperature (≈-113 °C). Since the mechanical response changes over time, the ability to predict and improve its performance over lifetime is an engineering concern. Adding short carbon fibers (SCF) as reinforcement (10 wt%) is expected to improve the material instant and long-term properties. VE relaxation functions for UHMWPE and composite at different temperatures (25-100 °C) are obtained from experimental data used to find parameters in a Schapery's type linear VE model. Then, relaxation functions of the SCF (randomly distributed) composite are predicted using the quasi-elastic approach. The results show that fibers affect positively the VE properties of UHMWPE and that the temperature- and time-dependent matrix behavior affects the stress transfer to fibers However, due to uncertainty regarding the input parameters, limiting the applicability of the chosen quasi-elastic approach, the quantitative agreement is not perfect.