Influence of Cationic Species on β-Agarase-Mediated Depolymerization of Agarans
Carbohydrate Polymers 2026
Sanjida Humayun, Md Musa Howlader, Malle Rooslid, Amal D. Premarathna, Vitālijs Rjabovs, Rando Tuvikene

This study explores the enzymatic degradation of red algal galactans—agarose, porphyran, and funoran—using 19 commercial hydrolases, including β-galactosidases, β-galactanases, β-agarases, and β-porphyranases. While agarose and porphyran hydrolysis is well studied, funoran degradation, particularly under ionic conditions, remains poorly understood. We evaluated the impact of mono- (Na+, K+, NH₄+) and divalent (Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+) cations on β-agarase 86A (GH86). Divalent ions, especially Ba2+, significantly enhanced funoran hydrolysis, with optimal activity at 20 mM BaCl₂. This enhancement is attributed to Ba2+ shielding -OSO₃− groups in funoran, facilitating structural rearrangements that improve enzyme access. Notably, β-agarase 86A exhibited broad substrate specificity, cleaving β-(1→4) linkages in all three galactans. NMR analysis confirmed cleavage between G6S and LA residues in funoran, releasing LA–G6S disaccharides via an endo -acting mechanism. This is the first report demonstrating Ba2+-mediated enhancement of funoran degradation. These results provide mechanistic insights into ion-assisted enzymatic depolymerization of sulfated agarans. The findings broaden the substrate range of GH86A enzymes and highlight Ba2+ as a key modulator for improving enzymatic accessibility to complex sulfated galactans, with potential applications in biocatalysis and bioactive oligosaccharide production.


Atslēgas vārdi
Agaran, Agarase, GH86 enzyme, Barium ions, Shielding effect, Enzymatic depolymerization, NMR, Sulfate group
DOI
10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124555
Hipersaite
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861725013396?via%3Dihub

Humayun, S., Howlader, M., Rooslid, M., Premarathna, A., Rjabovs, V., Tuvikene, R. Influence of Cationic Species on β-Agarase-Mediated Depolymerization of Agarans. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2026, Vol. 373, Article number 124555. ISSN 0144-8617. e-ISSN 1879-1344. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124555

Publikācijas valoda
English (en)
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