Powder type of Latvian clay samples were studied as high-dispersed systems:. Quaternary (Nicgale), Devonian (Kuprava) clay samples treatment by sulphuric-, oxalic-, muriatic acid (acids concentrations between 3 and 25%) and thermal treatment at 300 – 750 0C temperature has been studied. Smectite type claysfrom deposit Vadakste was modified by tetraalkilaminium bromides. Carbon tetrachloride adsorption-desorption isotherms or n-hexane adsorption-desorption isotherms and methyl violet adsorption from water solutions have experimentally been measured for the surface characterization. It was found that specific surface area decreases from 23,8 to 7,3 m2/g. when the temperature of activation increases from 25 to 750 0C. Specific surface area is going through maximum as the concentration of acid increases. For example, for clays from Nicgale deposit the values of specific surface area increases from 23,8 m2/g to 41,4 m2/g and goes back to 33,0 m2/g. The cation Exchange Capacity decreases when the samples were treated by sulphuric and oxalic acid. Obtained results are practically applied for the sorbents optimization of rapeseed oil bleaching. Generalizing the obtained experimental results and using the literature about vapor physical adsorption of organic compounds and desorption on Latvian clay samples in isothermal conditions it is possible to make the following conclusions: Isotherms of natural clay samples are divided in two groups. Illite contained clays ( Latvian Quaternary and Devonian clay seams) are characterized by the S-type of adsorption isotherms ( type II according to the IUPAC classification) and have the same shape of desorption isotherms. Smectite containing clays ( Latvian Triassic clay seams ) are characterized by typical tread on the desorption isotherm. It was found that Latvian Quaternary (Nicgales) and Devonian (Kupravas) clay samples can be used as effective catalysts in organic synthesis reactions, where final product is anticancer agent (1,4-butanediol dehydration reaction).Experimentally it has been found that catalysts specific surface areas and pore volume change during thermal and acidic treatment. It has been proved that the activity of the catalysts depends on their specific surface areas. It has been shown that Latvian clays have thixotropic properties