The rotors of screw type compressors are the most important details, which make influence on running efficiency. Scientists of engineering solve problems, which relates to the changes of mechanical properties of screw type compressors rotors surface and possibilities to increase lifetime of rotors without diminishing his efficiency in action. The main task of this work is analysis and solutions for these problems. Changes on contact surface roughness and surface mechanical properties, which substantially make influence on lifetime of rotors, are explore in article. The analysis of material microstructures shows change of structure in the various cross-section points of rotors. Influence of processing tracks on their structure of screw type compressors rotors are explored with the analysis of macro structure using the Heine reagent. In conclusion gives recommendation on extension of the lifetime and influence results of various processing technologies on main material parameters of compressors rotors.