By increasing of query, what extend industrial production volumes, many of companies more frequently use excelsior technologically fashionable, economic and the safe equipment. A very important catch not only in the engineering, but also in other developed production industries in general pay large attention on lifetime of the instruments, machines, tables of work, and also their complete parts, including rotors of screw type compressors. Hasty growth of screw compressor field and variety of their constructions enables this wide use. A screw type compressor is one of the simplest mechanisms, which uses for production of the compressed air. Screw compressor is rotary positive displacement machine, which is compact and have few moving parts, and which operate at high efficiency over a wide range of speeds and pressure differences. Already long time scientists of engineering solve problems, which relates to the changes of mechanical properties of rotors of screw type compressors and possibilities to increase lifetime of rotors without diminishing his efficiency in action. The rotors of screw type compressors are the most important details, which makes influence on running efficiency. Threadbare of rotors and change of material properties diminishes efficiency of action of compressor, and their lifetime. The task of this work is analysis and solutions for these problems. There are changes in contact surfaces of rotors of screw type compressors, which act in process of manufacturing and exploitation. This includes analysis of surface roughness and changes of mechanical properties of rotors during exploitation, as well as changes of material structure of rotors in process of manufacturing. The changes on contact surface roughness of rotors of screw type compressor are analyzed at the beginning of the article. The change of surface roughness is one of the most important pointers of oil-flooded compressors, which makes influence on hermetic of axis in the pair apartment of screw, together with it also pointer of productivity and action. Changes of surface mechanical properties, which substantially make influence on lifetime of rotors, also explores in article. The analysis of material microstructures shows to us the change of structure in the various cross-section points of rotors. Influence of processing tracks on their structure of screw type compressors rotors are explored with the analysis of macro structure using the Heine reagent. The research of macro structure on cross-section enables to define influence of manufacturing technology on the structure of contact surface material of screw type compressors rotors of and their properties. At the end of article conclusion gives recommendation on extension of the lifetime of screw type compressors rotors and influence results of various processing technologies on main contacts surface parameters of compressors rotors. The productivity and lifetime stability of compressor rotors is function, which depends from various parameters of the states of surfaces.