In 1961 the American meteorologist Edward Lorenz discovered the so-called Butterfly Effect. He observed that a minuscule change in the wind and weather conditions in one area of the world (for example, the flapping of a butterfly's wings in Brazil) could potentially influence the formation of a radically different weather even in another part of the world (such as a tornado in Texas), which would not have otherwise formed on its own. This widely- known metaphor expresses one of the qualities of dynamic systems, namely, that small changes in the system's initial parameters can cause significant long - term variations in the system.